{"id":5069,"date":"2019-12-16T15:51:31","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T15:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/?post_type=project&p=5069"},"modified":"2019-12-18T18:12:42","modified_gmt":"2019-12-18T18:12:42","slug":"eco-anxiety","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/project\/eco-anxiety\/","title":{"rendered":"Overwhelmed by Eco-Anxiety: The Mental Health Effects of Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”Overwhelmed by Eco-Anxiety: The Mental Health Effects of Climate Change” subhead=”Worries about climate change are affecting mental health” header_fullscreen=”on” header_scroll_down=”on” background_overlay_color=”rgba(117,117,117,0.4)” content_orientation=”bottom” _builder_version=”4.0.6″ title_font=”|800|||||||” title_text_align=”left” title_text_color=”#48e281″ title_font_size=”57px” content_font=”|800|||||||” content_font_size=”17px” subhead_font=”|800|||||||” subhead_font_size=”23px” background_color=”rgba(51,51,51,0.4)” background_image=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eco-anxiety-climatestrike2019ottawa-byjohngallardo-scaled.jpg” parallax=”on” custom_padding=”0px|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ content_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ subhead__hover_enabled=”off|desktop”]<\/p>\n

By Lea Batara & John Gallardo<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_padding=”3px||0px|||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_padding=”2px|||||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.9″ hover_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Ottawa’s climate strike took place September 30, 2019. [Photo \u00a9 John Gallardo]<\/em><\/p>\n

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Avery Downes said he remembers a time when global warming was a radical subject. He said he did not think it would impact him personally.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe earliest memory I have, that in hindsight I would classify as a feeling of eco-anxiety, is in elementary or middle school,\u201d the third-year communications and sociology student at the University of New Brunswick said.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI remember watching one of those BBC Earth documentaries,\u201d he recalled that climate change seemed \u201clike this crazy abstract thing that can never have an impact on you personally.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThen suddenly, I remember it clicking in lying awake at night, worrying that my parent\u2019s house was going to flood the next day and stuff like that,\u201d he said, \u201cThat\u2019s when I was a kid.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Now 22-years-old, Downes said eco-anxiety is not a daily struggle, but has made it hard for him to plan his future. \u201cIt feels like we\u2019re already, sometimes at least, doomed and we\u2019re just waiting it out at this point.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Awareness of climate change is leading to anxiety in the general public, with widespread feelings of malaise about the potential of an environmental apocalypse. A recent study<\/a> found that 62% of Americans are \u201csomewhat worried\u201d about global warming while 23% of them say they are \u201cvery worried.\u201d The mental health effects caused by climate change concern has led researchers to coin the term \u201ceco-anxiety.\u201d As climate change fears affect mental health, medical practitioners are coming up with strategies for treating eco-anxiety.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.6″ collapsed=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_margin=”-15px|||||”]<\/p>\n

Defining Eco-Anxiety<\/h3>\n

The American Psychological Association calls eco-anxiety<\/a> the stress resulting from \u201cwatching the slow and seemingly irrevocable impacts of climate change unfold, and worrying about the future for oneself, children, and later generations.\u201d<\/p>\n

Although the term has recently surged in popularity, Thomas Joseph Doherty, a licensed psychologist said he remembered a time when it was not.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I started working on this 10 or 15 years ago, eco-anxiety was seen as kind of a fringey concept that only environmentalists would experience, but that\u2019s not the case anymore. It\u2019s not considered a fringey concept, it\u2019s a very common experience,\u201d said Doherty.<\/p>\n

That being said, there\u2019s no strict definition of eco-anxiety in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used by medical health practitioners to make diagnoses.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnxiety thrives on a cloud of mystery; we don\u2019t know what\u2019s going to happen. So anxiety\u2019s all about unknown or unclear threats,\u201d said Doherty.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.6″ collapsed=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_audio audio=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DOHERTYCLIP_01.mp3″ title=”Psychologist Thomas Doherty explained the relationship between climate change and anxiety.” _builder_version=”4.0.6″ background_color=”#48af5b”][\/et_pb_audio][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.6″ collapsed=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.6″]Julia Woodhall-Melnik, a sociology professor at the University of New Brunswick said eco-anxiety can come from \u201cimpending doom associated with climate change, or it may come from experiences of severe weather,\u201d such as forest fires, extreme heat, hurricanes or floods. <\/p>\n

Lawrence Palinkas, a professor at the University of Southern California said that experiences with extreme weather events can result in trauma that feeds in to eco-anxiety.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe fact that it\u2019s existential, the fact that it\u2019s long term, and the fact that even the immediate disasters can produce traumatic experiences, I think are reasons why mental health is an important outcome related to climate change,\u201d said Palinkas.<\/p>\n

But not everyone embraces the term \u201ceco-anxiety,\u201d or thinks it fully captures the depth of issues that arise mentally from environmental concern. <\/p>\n

\u201cThe problem with eco-anxiety is it\u2019s such an all-encompassing term with no specific focuses,\u201d said Peter Silverstone, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Alberta. \u201cIs it that we are worried about what\u2019s happening to the planet in a general sense? Are we worrying about what\u2019s happening to me and my family in a specific sense? Is the anxiety disorder in any way more meaningful or different than anything else?\u201d[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_padding=”||0px|||” collapsed=”on”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Eco-Anxiety-Snapshot-scaled.jpg” _builder_version=”4.0.6″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_audio audio=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Dr.-Silverstone-InterviewClip_01.wav” title=”Peter Silverstone, professor at the University of Alberta, explained why he is critical of the term %22eco-anxiety%22.” _builder_version=”4.0.6″ background_color=”#48af5b” custom_padding=”|37px||||”][\/et_pb_audio][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.6″]<\/p>\n

A 2019 study<\/a> entitled Climate Change in the American Mind<\/em> interviewed 1,291 adults aged 18 and older about their perceptions of climate change, including topics such as global warming beliefs, emotional responses to global warming, and global warming and severe weather.<\/p>\n

The study,\u00a0led by Anthony Leiserowitz at Yale University, found that 46 per cent of Americans are either \u201cextremely\u201d or \u201cvery\u201d sure global warming is happening, while eight per cent are \u201cextremely\u201d or \u201cvery\u201d sure global warming is not happening. The study found that many people are understanding its looming presence, and 38 per cent said they felt personally affected by it.<\/p>\n

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Extreme Weather and Eco-Anxiety<\/h3>\n

Eco-anxiety can also affect people differently, depending on where they live and the environmental impacts they\u2019ve already witnessed, according to Woodhall-Melnik and Silverstone. In the past two springs, for example, Fredericton has had severe flooding.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople have been very, very impacted by the flooding in Fredericton,\u201d Woodhall-Melnik said. She pointed out the recent federal election, where her city\u2019s own Jenica Atwin won the first Green Party seat outside of British Columbia.<\/p>\n

Downes said this has caused an internal conflict within himself. \u201cThe good social scientist in me is like \u2018two years isn\u2019t a trend\u2019, but the pessimist in me says that this kind of thing can be a new normal, and the loss of usable real estate is terrifying,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

According to his research, Silverstone said eco-anxiety and climate change related mental health also have the potential to affect individuals who relocate to areas devastated by natural disasters – a finding that he said surprised him.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen you move to a neighborhood or an area that has become dysfunctional, you will get impacted by that,\u201d he explained, \u201cas well as seeing people in more distress and seeing the evidence of that disaster, and you can\u2019t escape from it because it\u2019s all around. You go to a place that has gone through a wildfire, and even just driving into the town, all the trees are dead. You\u2019re not able to escape it.\u201d<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.6″ collapsed=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_audio audio=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Woodhall-Melnik.mp3″ title=”Julia Woodhall-Melnik, professor at University of New Brunswick, believes that extreme weather events has raised interest in climate change.” admin_label=”Audio” _builder_version=”4.0.6″ background_color=”#48af5b”][\/et_pb_audio][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.6″]<\/p>\n

Treating Eco-Anxiety<\/h3>\n

Doherty said that existing clinical approaches can be used to treat eco-anxiety. \u201cYou can use an off-the-shelf cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety with someone experiencing environmental anxiety,\u201d he said. \u201cAny mental health provider can do that work.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to Doherty, it is\u00a0 important to validate someone\u2019s beliefs and values when they are developing a sense of identity, whether it\u2019s sexual, gender or cultural, in order to claim that identity.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe can help people to be empowered to claim their environmental values and their environmental identity. And that gives them a base to work with, and they\u2019re less likely to be discouraged in the short-term,\u201c said Doherty.<\/p>\n

Silverstone shared a similar approach to treatment. \u201cI deal with them the same way I would any other anxiety disorder or PTSD patient, combination approach, therapy, medication, exercise, and so on.\u201d<\/p>\n

Silverstone added that there is also a need for more individuals trained in catastrophe-related mental health practices. He said it is important to make these individuals available to the communities that need them.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn Canada, it would be lovely if we had regional groups trained, so that if something happened they would know what to do, how to set up, how to put in place for communities, short term and long term initiatives,\u201d he said, \u201cgroups such as the Red Cross and the government are the ones that should be doing that, but of course neither are. So that\u2019s in an ideal scenario if you want to make a strategic difference.\u201d<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_fullwidth_header header_fullscreen=”on” _builder_version=”4.0.9″ content_font=”||||||||” content_text_color=”#ffffff” content_font_size=”38px” content_letter_spacing=”1px” content_line_height=”1em” background_image=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_6788-4.jpg” parallax=”on” hover_enabled=”0″ content_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ content_text_shadow_color=”#000000″]<\/p>\n

\u201cThe good social scientist in me is like \u2018two years isn\u2019t a trend\u2019, but the pessimist in me says that this kind of thing can be a new normal, and the loss of usable real estate is terrifying,\u201d said Avery Downes, a 22-year-old student at the University of New Brunswick.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″ custom_padding=”2px|||||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.0.9″][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.0.9″ type=”4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.9″ hover_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”-22px|||||”]<\/p>\n

Ottawa’s climate strike took place September 30, 2019. [Photo \u00a9 John Gallardo]<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.0.6″]<\/p>\n

According to Leiserowitz\u2019s climate study, four in ten Americans think the actions of a single individual won\u2019t make any difference in global warming. Addressing this sense of hopelessness is important for managing eco-anxiety, according to Downes, who said the state of government and collective action against climate change \u201ckind of makes me lose faith in humanity\u2019s ability to make good decisions collectively.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen dealing with these huge issues, it helps to break it down to something you can affect at a personal level,\u201d said Downes. He suggested that using reusable items, conserving energy, and reducing plastic waste can help make an impact on both the environment and a person\u2019s eco-anxiety.<\/p>\n

Downes recounted how he felt after buying his first reusable straw. \u201cIt\u2019s like getting a little rush of adrenaline. When I\u2019m drinking with a metal straw or refusing a plastic bag at the grocery store, it feels like I\u2019m doing something good. And it helps personally alleviate the anxiety briefly, but you\u2019re still aware of how small that personal action is.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI think it’s about keeping things in perspective as much as you can,\u201d Woodhall-Melnik added, \u201cTrying to do everything that you can to contribute to a healthier environment and healthier world.\u201d<\/p>\n

She added that advocating for better environmental change through voting or participating in climate strikes can \u201ccontribute to better mental health for yourself.\u201d<\/p>\n

Going forward, Woodhall-Melnik is planning a research project that will document experiences of mental health and eco-anxiety in order to develop strategies for coping with the issue. \u201cWe want to talk to people about what they think are the best solutions,\u201d She said.<\/p>\n

The results of this study may help Downes, and others dealing with eco-anxiety whose outlook on the environment is bleak. \u201cIt seems like every few weeks we get some new study or piece of information that is projecting things worse than we thought in the past,\u201d he said. \u201cEvery time we learn something new about climate change it seems like it\u2019s worse than we thought it was going to be.\u201d<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.0.6″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/UNADJUSTEDNONRAW_thumb_18e8.jpg” _builder_version=”4.0.6″ hover_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.9″ hover_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”-24px|||||”]<\/p>\n

Ottawa’s climate strike took place September 30, 2019. [Photo \u00a9 John Gallardo]<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/catalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/318D37o5TuCS6eWz9rV9PA-scaled.jpg” _builder_version=”4.0.6″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.0.9″ hover_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”-24px|||||”]<\/p>\n

Ottawa’s climate strike took place September 30, 2019. [Photo \u00a9 John Gallardo]<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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