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This project would not have been possible without the help of a few exceptional people:<\/p>\n
To my supervisor, Chris Waddell, who spent many late nights reviewing my work in it’s very early stages and not giving up. Chris, this project would not have been possible without your dedication and witty feedback that made me smile and pushed\u00a0me to dig deeper into the story.<\/p>\n
To Kathryn O’Hara, who provided insightful feedback on my original proposal and reminded\u00a0me of the importance of learning from our history, particularly in examining the concept of harm reduction; and to Roger Martin for sitting beside me, working through the technical glitches and adding your touch to make my vision for this project a reality\u2014thank you!<\/p>\n
To all sources involved in this project; particularly Michael, Adey and Hasnain who let me in to your personal lives.<\/p>\n
Christine Czoli and Caroline Franck for transforming the technological jargon into plain English\u2014thank you!<\/p>\n
A special thanks to the team at 180Smoke who remained professional and allowed me to film in their shop, despite the controversial nature of this topic.<\/p>\n
With the ever evolving research and regulation on e-cigarettes, interviewing was no easy feat. Thanks to all who kept up to date with the most recent studies.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” padding_mobile=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_blurb admin_label=”Blurb” title=”Bibliography” url_new_window=”off” use_icon=”off” icon_color=”#7EBEC5″ use_circle=”off” circle_color=”#7EBEC5″ use_circle_border=”off” circle_border_color=”#7EBEC5″ icon_placement=”top” animation=”top” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”center” use_icon_font_size=”off” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n
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[et_pb_accordion_item title=”A”]<\/p>\n
“About Natural Health Product Regulation in Canada.” Health Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n
Ackerman, Kate. Phone interview. Jan. 16, 2016.<\/p>\n
Ackerman, Kate. Phone interview. Mar. 29, 2016.<\/p>\n
Allen, Joseph G., Skye S. Flanigan, Mallory Leblanc, Jose Vallarino, Piers Macnaughton, James H. Stewart, and David C. Christiani. “Flavoring Chemicals in E-Cigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-Pentanedione, and Acetoin in a Sample of 51 Products, Including Fruit-, Candy-, and Cocktail-Flavored E-Cigarettes.” EHP Environmental Health Perspectives<\/em> (2015). Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cAsbestos.\u201d International Programme on Chemical Safety<\/em>. World Health Organization. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”B”]<\/p>\n “Backgrounder on WHO Report on Regulation of E-cigarettes and Similar Products.” World Health Organization<\/em>. 26 Aug. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Bailey, Adey. Personal interview. Personal interview. Jan. 23, 2016.<\/p>\n Bergen, Paul. Emailed response. Nov. 11, 2015.<\/p>\n Bhatnagar, Gopal. Phone interview. Jan. 15, 2016.<\/p>\n Bhatnagar, Gopal. Personal interview. Feb. 16. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill 14 \u2013 2015: TOBACCO CONTROL AMENDMENT ACT, 2015.” Legislative Assembly of British Columbia<\/em>. Province of British Columbia. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill 45: An Act to Enhance Public Health by Enacting the Healthy Menu Choices Act, 2015 and the Electronic Cigarettes Act, 2015 and by Amending the Smoke-Free Ontario Act.” Legislative Assembly of Ontario<\/em>. Province of Ontario. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill No. 9, An Act to Amend the Smoke-free Places Act.” Legislative Assembly of PEI<\/em>. Prince Edward Island. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill No. 10, An Act to Amend the Tobacco Sales and Access Act” Legislative Assembly of PEI<\/em>. Prince Edward Island. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill No. 44: An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control.” National Assembly of Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>. Province of Quebec. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Bill No. 60 Smoke-free Places Act (amended) and Tobacco Access Act (amended) *.” The Nova Scotia Legislature<\/em>. Province of Nova Scotia. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Boseley, Sarah. “Public Health England under Fire for Saying E-cigarettes Are 95% Safer.” The Guardian<\/em>. Guardian News and Media, 28 Aug. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Bullen, C., H. Mcrobbie, S. Thornley, M. Glover, R. Lin, and M. Laugesen. “Effect of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (e Cigarette) on Desire to Smoke and Withdrawal, User Preferences and Nicotine Delivery: Randomised Cross-over Trial.” Tobacco Control<\/em> 19.2 (2010): 98-103. BMJ Global Health<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Bunnell, R. E., I. T. Agaku, R. A. Arrazola, B. J. Apelberg, R. S. Caraballo, C. G. Corey, B. N. Coleman, S. R. Dube, and B. A. King. “Intentions to Smoke Cigarettes Among Never-Smoking US Middle and High School Electronic Cigarette Users: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013.” Nicotine & Tobacco Research<\/em> 17.2 (2014): 228-35. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cBylaws related to smoking.\u201d The City of Calgary. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”C”]<\/p>\n Cameron, J. M., D. N. Howell, J. R. White, D. M. Andrenyak, M. E. Layton, and J. M. Roll. “Variable and Potentially Fatal Amounts of Nicotine in E-cigarette Nicotine Solutions.” Tobacco Control<\/em> 23.1 (2013): 77-78. Web. 11 Apr. 2016<\/p>\n Caponnetto, Pasquale, Davide Campagna, Gabriella Papale, Cristina Russo, and Riccardo Polosa. “The Emerging Phenomenon of Electronic Cigarettes.” Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine<\/em> 6.1 (2012): 63-74. Taylor & Francis Online<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cCarry-On Baggage.\u201d Air Canada<\/em>. Air Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cCarry-on baggage.\u201d WestJet<\/em>. WestJet. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Cavalieri, Walter. Phone interview. Mar. 18, 2016.<\/p>\n Cobb, Nathan K., and David B. Abrams. “E-Cigarette or Drug-Delivery Device? Regulating Novel Nicotine Products.” New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med<\/em> 365.3 (2011): 193-95. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Collishaw, Neil. “History of Tobacco Control in Canada.” Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cCVA Update.\u201d Canadian Vaping <\/em>Association. Kealey & Associates. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Czoli CD, Reid JL, Rynard VL, Hammond D. \u201cE-cigarettes in Canada – Tobacco Use in Canada: Patterns and Trends, 2015 Edition, Special Supplement.\u201d Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Czoli, Christine. Phone interview. Nov. 25, 2015.<\/p>\n Czoli, Christine. Personal interview. Dec. 18, 2015.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”D”]<\/p>\n \u201cDangerous goods \u2013 Restricted\/prohibited.\u201d Air Transat<\/em>. Air Transat. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Demick, Barbara. “A High-tech Approach to Getting a Nicotine Fix.” Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 25 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n digitalmeals. \u201c(6) Smoke Atmosphere HD | Free Stock Footage | digital.meals\u201d Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 24 May, 2014. Web. 1 Feb., 2016.<\/p>\n Domonkos, Victoria. Emailed response. Mar. 15, 2016<\/p>\n Dunworth, James. “An Interview with the Inventor of the Electronic Cigarette, Herbert A Gilbert.” Ashtray Blog<\/em>. 02 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”E”]<\/p>\n \u201cE-cigarettes and health: the jury is still out.\u201d Harvard Health Publications<\/em>. Harvard Medical School. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cE-cigarette industry booming in Saskatchewan.” CBCnews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio Canada, 14 Aug. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cE-cigarette legislation coming for N.L., says Premier Paul Davis.\u201d CBCNews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio-Canada. 19 May 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cE-cigarettes explained.\u201d Nicorette. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cE-quitting.\u201d McGill Reporter<\/em>. McGill University. 3 Feb. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cECTA E-liquid testing standards.\u201d Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada<\/em>. Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”F”]<\/p>\n \u201cFire risk of electronic cigarettes in checked baggage on board an aircraft.\u201d Transport Canada<\/em>. Government of Canada. Feb. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Flouris, Andreas D., Maria S. Chorti, Konstantina P. Poulianiti, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Konstantinos Kostikas, Manolis N. Tzatzarakis, A. Wallace Hayes, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis, and Yiannis Koutedakis. “Acute Impact of Active and Passive Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Serum Cotinine and Lung Function.” Inhalation Toxicology<\/em> 25.2 (2013): 91-101. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Franck, Caroline. Phone interview. Jan. 14, 2016.<\/p>\n Franck, Caroline. Phone interview. Mar. 18, 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”G”]<\/p>\n Gagnon, Andr\u00e9. Emailed response. Feb. 10, 2016.<\/p>\n Gagnon, Andr\u00e9. Phone interview. Mar 21, 2015.<\/p>\n Gil, Michael. Air Canada. <\/em>2010. Flickr Creative Commons. Flickr. Web<\/a>. April 10, 2016.<\/p>\n Gilman, Sean. Phone interview. Dec. 29, 2015.<\/p>\n Glantz, Stanton. Phone interview. Jan. 25, 2016.<\/p>\n Goniewicz, Maciej L., Elena O. Lingas, and Peter Hajek. “Patterns of Electronic Cigarette Use and User Beliefs about Their Safety and Benefits: An Internet Survey.” Drug and Alcohol Review Drug Alcohol Rev<\/em>. 32.2 (2012): 133-40. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Goriounova, N. A., and H. D. Mansvelder. “Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Nicotine Exposure during Adolescence for Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Network Function.” Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine<\/em> 2.12 (2012). Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”H”]<\/p>\n Hampartzoumian , Michael. Phone interview. Jan. 18, 2016.<\/p>\n Hampartzoumian, Michael. Personal interview. Feb. 20, 2016.<\/p>\n Hampartzoumian, Michael. Phone interview. Mar. 11, 2016.<\/p>\n H, P. “A Case of the Vapers.” The Economist<\/em>. The Economist Newspaper, 17 Mar. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Hasnain, Ghulam. Personal interview. Feb. 14, 2016.<\/p>\n “Hawk Sauce E Juice Baker Vapor.” Mt Baker Vapor<\/em>. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Healy, Damien. Emailed response. Mar. 15, 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cHeart and Stroke Foundation: E-cigarettes in Canada.\u201d Heart and Stroke Foundation. Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Herbert, Gilbert A. Smokeless Non-tobacco Cigarette. Gilbert Herbert A., assignee. Patent US3200819 A. 17 Aug. 1965. Web.<\/a><\/p>\n “Honey Berries E Juice Baker Vapor.” Mt Baker Vapor<\/em>. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Hucher, Keith. Personal interview. Feb. 14, 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”I”]<\/p>\n \u201cImperial Tobacco Canada Ltd. Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. v. Conseil Quebecois sur le tabac et le sante, Jean-Yves Blais, Cecilia Letourneau.\u201d Court of Appeal<\/em>. Conseil Quebecois sur le tabac et le sante. 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”J”]<\/p>\n Janz, Teresa. “Current Smoking Trends.” Statistics Canada Catalogue<\/em> 82 (2015). Statistics Canada, 27 Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”K”]<\/p>\n Kalkhoran, Sara, and Stanton A. Glantz. “E-cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in Real-world and Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine<\/em> 4.2 (2016): 116-28. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Kaplan, Jennifer. \u201cFive Charts That Show the Tobacco-Stock Rally May Be Flaming Out.\u201d Bloomberg Online<\/em>. Bloomberg. 14 Mar. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Kitamura, Makiko. \u201cGlaxo Memo Shows Drug Industry Lobbying on E-Cigarettes.\u201d Bloomberg Online<\/em>. Bloomberg. 19 Feb. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”L”]<\/p>\n Lacombe, Martin. Phone interview. Mar. 29, 2016.<\/p>\n Lauer, Sara. Email interview. Mar. 24, 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”M”]<\/p>\n McDonald, JC. “Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure.” Malignant Mesothelioma<\/em>. Ed. Alison McDonald. Springer, 2005. 267-92. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Mcdonald, J. Corbett. “Tremolite, Other Amphiboles, and Mesothelioma.” Am. J. Ind. Med. American Journal of Industrial Medicine<\/em> 14.2 (1988): 247-49. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n McNeill, A., LS Brose, R. Calder, SC Hitchman, P. Hajek, and H. McRobbie. “E-cigarettes: An Evidence Update A Report Commissioned by Public Health England.” Public Health England, Aug. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Mickle, Tripp. \u201cE-Cigarette Sales Rapidly Lose Steam.\u201d WSJ Online<\/em>. The Wall Street Journal. 17 Nov. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Mickle, Tripp. \u201cFDA Cloud Hangs Over Vape Shops.\u201d WSJ Online<\/em>. The Wall Street Journal. 7 Jul. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Monkeys Spinning Monkeys” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/<\/p>\n Mozart, Mike. No vaping sign<\/em>. 2015. Flickr Creative Commons. Flickr. Web<\/a>. 10 April, 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”N”]<\/p>\n Nixon, Mike. Emailed response. Mar. 24, 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cNova Scotia drops Parts of E-cigarette Legislation.” CBCnews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio Canada, 05 Nov. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”O”]<\/p>\n \u201cOn-board policies.\u201d Via Rail<\/em>. Via Rail Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A., Drew Payne, Zachary Mulkey, and Kenneth Nugent. “Electronic Cigarettes\u2014A Narrative Review for Clinicians.” The American Journal of Medicine<\/em> 128.7 (2015): 674-81. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”P”]<\/p>\n “Patent US3200819 – Smokeless Non-tobacco Cigarette.” Google Patents<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Pearson, Jennifer L., Amanda Richardson, Raymond S. Niaura, Donna M. Vallone, and David B. Abrams. “E-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perceptions in US Adults.” Am J Public Health American Journal of Public Health<\/em> 102.9 (2012): 1758-766. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Pollay, Richard W. \u201cTargeting youth and concerned smokers: evidence from Canadian tobacco industry documents.\u201d Tobacco Control 9 (2000): 136-147. 10 Nov. 1999. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Polosa, Riccardo, Pasquale Caponnetto, Jaymin B. Morjaria, Gabriella Papale, Davide Campagna, and Cristina Russo. “Effect of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (e-Cigarette) on Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Prospective 6-month Pilot Study.” BMC Public Health<\/em> 11.1 (2011): 786. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Pratt, Sarah I., James Sargent, Luke Daniels, Meghan M. Santos, and Mary Brunette. “Appeal of Electronic Cigarettes in Smokers with Serious Mental Illness.” Addictive Behaviors<\/em> 59 (2016): 30-34. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”R”]<\/p>\n \u201cR. v. Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd.\u201d Supreme Court Judgments<\/em>. Supreme Court of Canada. 29 Jul. 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Regan, A. K., G. Promoff, S. R. Dube, and R. Arrazola. “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Adult Use and Awareness of the ‘e-cigarette’ in the USA.” Tobacco Control<\/em> 22.1 (2011): 19-23. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Rowell, Temperance R., Shernita Lee, and Robert Tarran. “Select E-Cigarette Flavors Alter Calcium Signaling, Cell Viability And Proliferation In Lung Epithelia.” American Thoracic Society International Conference<\/em> (2015). ATS Journals<\/em>. American Thoracic Society. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Reminder: Changes to Smoking Legislation Take Effect July 1.” Government of New Brunswick. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”S”]<\/p>\n Saffari, Arian, Nancy Daher, Ario Ruprecht, Cinzia De Marco, Paolo Pozzi, Roberto Boffi, Samera H. Hamad, Martin M. Shafer, James J. Schauer, Dane Westerdahl, and Constantinos Sioutas. “Particulate Metals and Organic Compounds from Electronic and Tobacco-containing Cigarettes: Comparison of Emission Rates and Secondhand Exposure.” Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts<\/em> 16.10 (2014): 2259-267. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Schripp, T., D. Markewitz, E. Uhde, and T. Salthammer. “Does E-cigarette Consumption Cause Passive Vaping?” Indoor Air<\/em> 23.1 (2012): 25-31. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Opinion: Propylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Monostearate.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cSmokers, by sex, provinces and territories.\u201d Statistics Canada<\/em>. Government of Canada. 7 Mar. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cSmoking.\u201d The City of Emonton. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Smoking & Tobacco Use.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/em>. 11 Dec. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cSmoking ban legislation in Canadian provinces and municipal bylaws in select cities.\u201d Statistics Canada<\/em>. Government of Canada. 1 Dec. 2008. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Spy Glass” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/<\/p>\n Stanwick, Richard. \u201cE-cigarettes: Are we renormalizing public smoking? Reversing five decades of tobacco control and nicotine dependency in children and youth in Canada.\u201d Pediatric Child Health 20.2 (2015): 101-105. 6 Mar. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Study of the Market Size and Growth Trends of the Nicotine-Based Vaping Products Market in Canada (1000174110).” Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada, Acquisitions Branch, Office of Small and Medium Enterprises and Strategic Engagement<\/em>. 23 Mar. 2016. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Sutfin, Erin L., Thomas P. Mccoy, Holly E.r. Morrell, Bettina B. Hoeppner, and Mark Wolfson. “Electronic Cigarette Use by College Students.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence<\/em> 131.3 (2013): 214-21. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Sweanor, David. Phone interview. Jan. 19, 2016<\/p>\n Sweanor, David. Phone interview. Feb. 9, 2016.<\/p>\n Sweanor, David. Personal interview. Feb. 26, 2016.<\/p>\n Sweanor, David. Phone interview. Mar. 27, 2016.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”T”]<\/p>\n Tams, Kim. \u201cAlberta teen injured after he says e-cigarette exploded.\u201d Global News<\/em>. Global News. 26 Jan. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cTax Revenues from Tobacco Sales.\u201d Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada. Dec. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cThe E-Cigarettes Market: Past, Present and Future.\u201d Euromonitor Research<\/em>. Euromonitor International. 23 June 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cThe Global Cigarette Industry.\u201d Tobacco Free Kids<\/em>. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Sept. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Tobacco.” World Health Organization<\/em>. 6 July 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n “Tobacco Act (S.C. 1997, C. 13).” Justice Laws Website<\/em>. Government of Canada. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cTravel Information.\u201d Fly Sunwing<\/em>. Sunwing Airlines. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Trehy, Michael L., Wei Ye, Michael E. Hadwiger, Terry W. Moore, James F. Allgire, Jeffrey T. Woodruff, Shafiq S. Ahadi, John C. Black, and Benjamin J. Westenberger. “Analysis Of Electronic Cigarette Cartridges, Refill Solutions, And Smoke For Nicotine And Nicotine Related Impurities.” Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies<\/em> 34.14 (2011): 1442-458. Web. 11 Apr. 2016<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”V to Z”]<\/p>\n “Vaping : Towards a Regulatory Framework for E-cigarettes.” Parliament of Canada<\/em>. House of Commons Committees – HESA (41-2). Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cVapour devices and e-Cigarettes in the Global Tobacco Market.\u201d Euromonitor Research<\/em>. Euromonitor International. 22 June 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n West, Robert, and Jamie Brown. \u201cElectronic cigarettes: fact and faction.\u201d British Journal of General Practice 64 (2014): 442-43. Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat you can bring on a plane.\u201d Travel and Tourism<\/em>. Government of Canada. 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n Zhu, S.-H., J. Y. Sun, E. Bonnevie, S. E. Cummins, A. Gamst, L. Yin, and M. Lee. “Four Hundred and Sixty Brands of E-cigarettes and Counting: Implications for Product Regulation.” Tobacco Control 23 (2014): 3-9. July 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [et_pb_section admin_label=”section” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”#000000″ allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” padding_mobile=”off” background_color=”#000000″ allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_post_title admin_label=”Post Title” title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”off” featured_placement=”below” parallax_effect=”on” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”left” text_color=”light” text_background=”off” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.9)” module_bg_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” title_all_caps=”off” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” title_font_size=”36px”] [\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image” src=”http:\/\/cusjc.ca\/healthycigs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-04-15-at-3.01.24-PM.png” show_in_lightbox=”off” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" A special thanks to the team at 180Smoke who remained professional and allowed me to film in their shop, despite the controversial nature of this topic.<\/em><\/p> \"About Natural Health Product Regulation in Canada.\" Health Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Ackerman, Kate. Phone interview. Jan. 16, 2016.<\/p> Ackerman, Kate. Phone interview. Mar. 29, 2016.<\/p> Allen, Joseph G., Skye S. Flanigan, Mallory Leblanc, Jose Vallarino, Piers Macnaughton, James H. Stewart, and David C. Christiani. \"Flavoring Chemicals in E-Cigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-Pentanedione, and Acetoin in a Sample of 51 Products, Including Fruit-, Candy-, and Cocktail-Flavored E-Cigarettes.\"\u00a0EHP Environmental Health Perspectives<\/em>\u00a0(2015). Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cAsbestos.\u201d International Programme on Chemical Safety<\/em>. World Health Organization. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Backgrounder on WHO Report on Regulation of E-cigarettes and Similar Products.\" World Health Organization<\/em>. 26 Aug. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Bailey, Adey. Personal interview. Personal interview. Jan. 23, 2016.<\/p> Bergen, Paul. Emailed response. Nov. 11, 2015.<\/p> Bhatnagar, Gopal. Phone interview. Jan. 15, 2016.<\/p> Bhatnagar, Gopal. Personal interview. Feb. 16. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill 14 \u2013 2015: TOBACCO CONTROL AMENDMENT ACT, 2015.\"\u00a0Legislative Assembly of British Columbia<\/em>. Province of British Columbia. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill 45: An Act to Enhance Public Health by Enacting the Healthy Menu Choices Act, 2015 and the Electronic Cigarettes Act, 2015 and by Amending the Smoke-Free Ontario Act.\"\u00a0Legislative Assembly of Ontario<\/em>. Province of Ontario. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill No. 9, An Act to Amend the Smoke-free Places Act.\"\u00a0Legislative Assembly of PEI<\/em>. Prince Edward Island. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill No. 10, An Act to Amend the Tobacco Sales and Access Act\"\u00a0Legislative Assembly of PEI<\/em>. Prince Edward Island. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill No. 44: An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control.\"\u00a0National Assembly of Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>. Province of Quebec. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Bill No. 60 Smoke-free Places Act (amended) and Tobacco Access Act (amended) *.\"\u00a0The Nova Scotia Legislature<\/em>. Province of Nova Scotia. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Boseley, Sarah. \"Public Health England under Fire for Saying E-cigarettes Are 95% Safer.\"\u00a0The Guardian<\/em>. Guardian News and Media, 28 Aug. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Bullen, C., H. Mcrobbie, S. Thornley, M. Glover, R. Lin, and M. Laugesen. \"Effect of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (e Cigarette) on Desire to Smoke and Withdrawal, User Preferences and Nicotine Delivery: Randomised Cross-over Trial.\"\u00a0Tobacco Control<\/em>\u00a019.2 (2010): 98-103.\u00a0BMJ Global Health<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Bunnell, R. E., I. T. Agaku, R. A. Arrazola, B. J. Apelberg, R. S. Caraballo, C. G. Corey, B. N. Coleman, S. R. Dube, and B. A. King. \"Intentions to Smoke Cigarettes Among Never-Smoking US Middle and High School Electronic Cigarette Users: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013.\"\u00a0Nicotine & Tobacco Research<\/em>\u00a017.2 (2014): 228-35. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cBylaws related to smoking.\u201d The City of Calgary. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Cameron, J. M., D. N. Howell, J. R. White, D. M. Andrenyak, M. E. Layton, and J. M. Roll. \"Variable and Potentially Fatal Amounts of Nicotine in E-cigarette Nicotine Solutions.\"\u00a0Tobacco Control<\/em>\u00a023.1 (2013): 77-78. Web. 11 Apr. 2016<\/p> Caponnetto, Pasquale, Davide Campagna, Gabriella Papale, Cristina Russo, and Riccardo Polosa. \"The Emerging Phenomenon of Electronic Cigarettes.\"\u00a0Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine<\/em>\u00a06.1 (2012): 63-74.\u00a0Taylor & Francis Online<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cCarry-On Baggage.\u201d Air Canada<\/em>. Air Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cCarry-on baggage.\u201d WestJet<\/em>. WestJet. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Cavalieri, Walter. Phone interview. Mar. 18, 2016.<\/p> Cobb, Nathan K., and David B. Abrams. \"E-Cigarette or Drug-Delivery Device? Regulating Novel Nicotine Products.\"\u00a0New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med<\/em>\u00a0365.3 (2011): 193-95. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Collishaw, Neil. \"History of Tobacco Control in Canada.\" Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cCVA Update.\u201d Canadian Vaping <\/em>Association. Kealey & Associates. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Czoli CD, Reid JL, Rynard VL, Hammond D. \u201cE-cigarettes in Canada - Tobacco Use in Canada: Patterns and Trends, 2015 Edition, Special Supplement.\u201d Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Czoli, Christine. Phone interview. Nov. 25, 2015.<\/p> Czoli, Christine. Personal interview. Dec. 18, 2015.<\/p> \u201cDangerous goods \u2013 Restricted\/prohibited.\u201d Air Transat<\/em>. Air Transat. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Demick, Barbara. \"A High-tech Approach to Getting a Nicotine Fix.\" Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 25 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Domonkos, Victoria. Emailed response. Mar. 15, 2016<\/p> Dunworth, James. \"An Interview with the Inventor of the Electronic Cigarette, Herbert A Gilbert.\"\u00a0Ashtray Blog<\/em>. 02 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cE-cigarettes and health: the jury is still out.\u201d Harvard Health Publications<\/em>. Harvard Medical School. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cE-cigarette industry booming in Saskatchewan.\"\u00a0CBCnews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio Canada, 14 Aug. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cE-cigarette legislation coming for N.L., says Premier Paul Davis.\u201d CBCNews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio-Canada. 19 May 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cE-cigarettes explained.\u201d Nicorette. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cE-quitting.\u201d McGill Reporter<\/em>. McGill University. 3 Feb. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cECTA E-liquid testing standards.\u201d Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada<\/em>. Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \u201cFire risk of electronic cigarettes in checked baggage on board an aircraft.\u201d Transport Canada<\/em>. Government of Canada. Feb. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Flouris, Andreas D., Maria S. Chorti, Konstantina P. Poulianiti, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Konstantinos Kostikas, Manolis N. Tzatzarakis, A. Wallace Hayes, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis, and Yiannis Koutedakis. \"Acute Impact of Active and Passive Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Serum Cotinine and Lung Function.\"\u00a0Inhalation Toxicology<\/em>\u00a025.2 (2013): 91-101. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Franck, Caroline. Phone interview. Jan. 14, 2016.<\/p> Franck, Caroline. Phone interview. Mar. 18, 2016.<\/p> Gagnon, Andr\u00e9. Emailed response. Feb. 10, 2016.<\/p> Gagnon, Andr\u00e9. Phone interview. Mar 21, 2015.<\/p> Gil, Michael. Air Canada. <\/em>2010. Flickr Creative Commons. Flickr. Web<\/a>. April 10, 2016.<\/p> Gilman, Sean. Phone interview. Dec. 29, 2015.<\/p> Glantz, Stanton. Phone interview. Jan. 25, 2016.<\/p> Goniewicz, Maciej L., Elena O. Lingas, and Peter Hajek. \"Patterns of Electronic Cigarette Use and User Beliefs about Their Safety and Benefits: An Internet Survey.\"\u00a0Drug and Alcohol Review Drug Alcohol Rev<\/em>. 32.2 (2012): 133-40. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Goriounova, N. A., and H. D. Mansvelder. \"Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Nicotine Exposure during Adolescence for Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Network Function.\"\u00a0Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine<\/em>\u00a02.12 (2012). Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Hampartzoumian , Michael. Phone interview. Jan. 18, 2016.<\/p> Hampartzoumian, Michael. Personal interview. Feb. 20, 2016.<\/p> Hampartzoumian, Michael. Phone interview. Mar. 11, 2016.<\/p> H, P. \"A Case of the Vapers.\"\u00a0The Economist<\/em>. The Economist Newspaper, 17 Mar. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Hasnain, Ghulam. Personal interview. Feb. 14, 2016.<\/p> \"Hawk Sauce E Juice Baker Vapor.\"\u00a0Mt Baker Vapor<\/em>. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Healy, Damien. Emailed response. Mar. 15, 2016.<\/p> \u201cHeart and Stroke Foundation: E-cigarettes in Canada.\u201d Heart and Stroke Foundation. Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Herbert, Gilbert A. Smokeless Non-tobacco Cigarette. Gilbert Herbert A., \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 assignee. Patent US3200819 A. 17 Aug. 1965. Web.<\/a><\/p> \"Honey Berries E Juice Baker Vapor.\"\u00a0Mt Baker Vapor<\/em>. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Hucher, Keith. Personal interview. Feb. 14, 2016.<\/p> \u201cImperial Tobacco Canada Ltd. Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. v. Conseil Quebecois sur le tabac et le sante, Jean-Yves Blais, Cecilia Letourneau.\u201d Court of Appeal<\/em>. Conseil Quebecois sur le tabac et le sante. 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Janz, Teresa. \"Current Smoking Trends.\" Statistics Canada Catalogue<\/em> 82 (2015). Statistics Canada, 27 Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Kalkhoran, Sara, and Stanton A. Glantz. \"E-cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in Real-world and Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.\"\u00a0The Lancet Respiratory Medicine<\/em>\u00a04.2 (2016): 116-28. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Kaplan, Jennifer. \u201cFive Charts That Show the Tobacco-Stock Rally May Be Flaming Out.\u201d Bloomberg Online<\/em>. Bloomberg. 14 Mar. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Kitamura, Makiko. \u201cGlaxo Memo Shows Drug Industry Lobbying on E-Cigarettes.\u201d Bloomberg Online<\/em>. Bloomberg. 19 Feb. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Lacombe, Martin. Phone interview. Mar. 29, 2016.<\/p> Lauer, Sara. Email interview. Mar. 24, 2016.<\/p> McDonald, JC. \"Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure.\"\u00a0Malignant Mesothelioma<\/em>. Ed. Alison McDonald. Springer, 2005. 267-92. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Mcdonald, J. Corbett. \"Tremolite, Other Amphiboles, and Mesothelioma.\"\u00a0Am. J. Ind. Med. American Journal of Industrial Medicine<\/em>\u00a014.2 (1988): 247-49. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> McNeill, A., LS Brose, R. Calder, SC Hitchman, P. Hajek, and H. McRobbie. \"E-cigarettes: An Evidence Update A Report Commissioned by Public Health England.\" Public Health England, Aug. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Mickle, Tripp. \u201cE-Cigarette Sales Rapidly Lose Steam.\u201d WSJ Online<\/em>. The Wall Street Journal. 17 Nov. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Mickle, Tripp. \u201cFDA Cloud Hangs Over Vape Shops.\u201d WSJ Online<\/em>. The Wall Street Journal. 7 Jul. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Mozart, Mike. No vaping sign<\/em>. 2015. Flickr Creative Commons. Flickr. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Web<\/a>. 10 April, 2016.<\/p> Nixon, Mike. Emailed response. Mar. 24, 2016.<\/p> \u201cNova Scotia drops Parts of E-cigarette Legislation.\"\u00a0CBCnews<\/em>. CBC\/Radio Canada, 05 Nov. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2016<\/p> \u201cOn-board policies.\u201d Via Rail<\/em>. Via Rail Canada. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A., Drew Payne, Zachary Mulkey, and Kenneth Nugent. \"Electronic Cigarettes\u2014A Narrative Review for Clinicians.\"\u00a0The American Journal of Medicine<\/em>\u00a0128.7 (2015): 674-81. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> \"Patent US3200819 - Smokeless Non-tobacco Cigarette.\"\u00a0Google Patents<\/em>. Web. 10 Apr. 2016.<\/p> Pearson, Jennifer L., Amanda Richardson, Raymond S. Niaura, Donna M. Vallone, and David B. Abrams. \"E-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perceptions in US Adults.\"\u00a0