{"id":80,"date":"2018-04-10T03:59:36","date_gmt":"2018-04-10T03:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/columbiacosmeticsurgery\/?post_type=project&p=80"},"modified":"2018-04-24T20:58:30","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T20:58:30","slug":"part-1-popularization","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/","title":{"rendered":"Part 1: Popularization"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ background_image=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/04\/30442499_10160123597285621_4630337583925166080_o-e1523313912684.png” parallax=”on”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”Part 1: Popularization” text_orientation=”right” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ background_image=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/04\/cover.jpg” parallax=”on” custom_css_header_container=”height: 200px;”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]In the city of Medellin, Colombia\u2019s second largest city of 2.5 million after Bogota, curvaceous women with cinched waists and voluptuous behinds stroll the palm-lined streets where people-watchers often play a game of \u201cfake-or-not?\u201d while sipping coffees. Medellin was once ravaged by Pablo Escobar\u2019s drug cartel, but it\u2019s now one of the most modern and innovative cities in Latin America. Nicknames include the City of Eternal Spring, but also \u2014 in a nod to the prevalence of women with augmented bosoms and buttocks \u2014 Silicone Valley. Medellin may be Colombia\u2019s best-known centre of plastic surgery, but going under the knife is popular across Colombia.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/04\/30442499_10160123597285621_4630337583925166080_o-e1523313912684.png” _builder_version=”3.0.106″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”14px” text_line_height=”1.8em”]Medellin, one of the largest cities in Colombia, has been nicknamed the Silicone Valley by some.<\/strong> [Photo | Marina Wang]
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]<\/p>\n

A survey<\/a><\/span> by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) found that nearly 300,000 cosmetic operations took place i<\/span>n Colombia in 2016, the most recent year in which data is available.\u00a0Colombia ranks No. 4 globally in terms of number of surgical operations per capita<\/span><\/span>, and in 2015, Colombia ranked second after South Korea. Nearly five out of 1000 Colombians received a cosmetic operation in 2016 alone.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In addition, the 2015 survey estimated that between a quarter and a fifth of patients\u00a0\u2014 about 71,000 annually \u2014were medical tourists coming from predominantly the U.S., Spain and Canada.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]<\/p>\n

\u00a0Prices for cosmetic surgeries in Colombia are about 40 per cent cheaper than those in North America. The most popular procedures include liposuction and breast augmentation with over 44,000 of each of these operations carried out in 2016, as well as buttock augmentations and tummy tucks, each at over 22,000 procedures that year.<\/p>\n

However, the actual number of people receiving cosmetic surgeries is likely to be much higher than indicated by ISAPS, as statistics are compiled from a database that includes information supplied only by certified plastic surgeons. Cosmetic operations that may have been carried out by non-certified plastic surgeons were not included.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Infographic” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ max_width=”65%” module_alignment=”center”]<div class="infogram-embed" data-id="ea753c08-92d8-4cb0-83c7-d21be3de035e" data-type="interactive" data-title="Plastic surgery in Colombia"><\/div><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i="InfogramEmbeds",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?"http:":"https:";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,"script","infogram-async","https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js");<\/script><div style="padding:8px 0;font-family:Arial!important;font-size:13px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #dadada;margin:0 30px"><a href="https:\/\/infogram.com\/ea753c08-92d8-4cb0-83c7-d21be3de035e" style="color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank">Plastic surgery in Colombia<\/a><br><a href="https:\/\/infogram.com" style="color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Infogram<\/a><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding=”25.25px|0px|24px|0px” _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]Medical Tourism<\/strong><\/p>\n

Despite the high risks involved with plastic surgery in Colombia, the low prices and reputable work of many of the country\u2019s plastic surgeons have lured countless thousands of medical tourists to the country. Some tourism outfitters in Colombia offer foreigners all-inclusive plastic surgery packages with multiple surgeries, luxury accommodation, airport transfers and post-operative care. Colombia\u2019s coastal city of Cartagena is popular for its colourful colonial streets and tropical beaches, but foreigners seeking cosmetic surgery also flock to other large cities such as Cali, Bogota and Medellin.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]In the summer of 2017, Jasmine Cristancho, a 32-year-old woman from London, England, visited Medellin for her fourth cosmetic operation. Days after the operations, she wore a tight white dress that hugged her newly sculpted, Kim Kardashian-like curves. The only giveaway to her recent surgery were the bruises on her back, concealed under a cardigan.<\/p>\n

Cristancho has had four liposuctions, an abdominoplasty, as well as butt and breast enhancements. \u201cThey have a lot of the best doctors here in Colombia,\u201d said Cristancho. \u201cIt\u2019s certainly a place I would always return to.\u201d
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/columbiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/04\/cristancho-e1523314983472.jpg” force_fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”photo of Cristancho” _builder_version=”3.0.106″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”14px” text_line_height=”1.8em”]Jasmine Cristancho has been to Colombia four times for plastic surgery. (Photo | Marina Wang)
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_testimonial author=”Jasmine Cristancho” background_layout=”light” _builder_version=”3.0.106″]\u201cThey have a lot of the best doctors here in Colombia. It\u2019s certainly a place I would always return to.\u201d<\/em>
\n[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Cristancho, Reddick” _builder_version=”3.0.106″]Cristancho said while researching various countries to travel to for plastic surgery, she liked the results of Colombian plastic surgeons the most. \u201cI\u2019ve had a lot of friends who have had operations over here, and the results have been amazing,\u201d she said. Additionally, Cristancho said that many Colombian plastic surgeons are more experienced than surgeons elsewhere due to the high volume of patients in the country.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding=”25.25px|0px|25px|0px” _builder_version=”3.0.106″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]Danielle Reddick, a 27-year-old mother from Montreal, said she\u2019s planning to travel to Colombia for plastic surgery in the summer of 2018. She has a handful of friends and acquaintances who have also been to Colombia for surgery. \u201cDoctors in Colombia have better standing worldwide \u2014 that\u2019s why I made the choice for Colombia specifically,\u201d said Reddick. \u201cIt\u2019s a different culture out there. They have different wants and needs. A Colombian doctor would give me what I want without charging me $20,000.\u201d\u00a0Reddick is interested in having an abdominoplasty and breast and buttock augmentations together as a package, typically costing less than $10,000 in Colombia.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_testimonial author=”Danielle Reddick” background_layout=”light” _builder_version=”3.0.106″]\u201cIt\u2019s a different culture out there. They have different wants and needs.”<\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]Reddick said she\u2019s spent months researching surgeons and participates in a Plastic Surgery in Colombia Facebook group<\/a><\/span> where patients can share advice and experiences. She also follows Instagram pages dedicated to the same purpose. Guides have been created that review clinics and doctors. <\/span> In one case, U.S. nurse practitioner Kristin Eckland maintains two websites \u2014 latinamericansurgery.com<\/a><\/span> and cartagenasurgery.wordpress.com<\/a><\/span> \u2014 that examine medical tourism in a generally positive light but also warn potential plastic surgery patients about the risk of falling prey to online sales pitches aimed at foreigners that can lead unsuspecting consumers to unqualified surgeons and botched procedures. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe potential for tragedy, fraud and grievous bodily harm is great,\u201d Eckland has written. \u201cThe need for a well-trained, well-educated and objective\/unbiased medical professional to formally evaluate these overseas medical sites is enormous.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

Prices for cosmetic enhancement are set at about 60 per cent of what a patient might pay in North America, and with Colombians living in a very different cultural context \u2014 including deep-set societal beauty standards promoting voluptuous figures with tiny waists \u2014 plastic surgery in Colombia is a big-money industry deeply integrated into the fashion, entertainment and tourism sectors of the economy.<\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]<\/p>\n

History of Plastic Surgery<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe pursuit of a pleasing appearance is probably as old as Mankind and the references on how to embellish the eyelids found in the Ebers\u2019 papyrus a thousand years before Christ demonstrate that the ancients definitely sought after a beautiful appearance,\u201d wrote Paolo Santoni-Rugiu, author of A History of Plastic Surgery<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Santoni-Rugiu also noted that women in ancient Rome applied cosmetics with toxic silver, lead and arsenic to appear youthful. Women in Renaissance-era Italy used deadly nightshade eye drops to achieve a doe-eyed appearance and Victorian era corsets were tightened to the point of contorting the inner organs. Compromises between aesthetics and physical health have been made for centuries.<\/p>\n

Body enhancements that we would today call plastic surgeries have been performed as early as 600 BC, with rudimentary rhinoplasties done in India. But most modern advances in plastic surgery arose during the First World War as thousands of soldiers disfigured by bullets and shrapnel required reconstructive surgery. Aesthetics as well as function became important for victims of head and facial disfiguration. Plastic surgery became a well-respected medical practice, although seeking operations purely for cosmetic reasons was viewed as superficial and self-indulgent by many in the medical community.<\/p>\n

In the early 20th<\/sup> century, quack plastic surgeons made public demonstrations of cosmetic operations (entertainment analogous to modern TV shows such as Botched<\/em> or Extreme Makeover<\/em>), and while ethically questionable, this led to mainstream popularization. The post-Second World War women\u2019s independence movement also gave affluent women the freedom to pursue commercialized procedures at their will. The following decades saw the proliferation of television and pop culture images that exaggerated beauty standards for women, a trend that drove consumer demand for body enhancements and which continues to this day.<\/p>\n

According to an analysis of data from ISAPS, between 2010 and 2016 the number of people around the world annually receiving cosmetic surgery increased by 54 per cent. More than 10 million people worldwide underwent cosmetic operations in 2016, and the global cosmetic surgery industry is expected to reach total value of $27 billion by 2019, according to a report<\/a><\/span> from Research and Markets.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]The Rise of Plastic Surgery in Colombia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Ernesto Barbosa, executive secretary for the SCCP, attributed the popularity of aesthetic surgery in Colombia to the warm climate and a desire to show skin \u2014 although the country\u2019s infamous narco-trafficking industry is also known to have had a hand in the unusually robust development of the cosmetic enhancement industry.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe first thing these men do is usually give money to their women so they can undergo cosmetic surgery operations to look better,\u201d said Colombian professor of cultural psychology Andr\u00e9 Dydime-Dome.<\/p>\n

According to Dydime-Dome, women in middle and lower classes in Colombia have often been regarded as sexual objects or trophies. They would use their physical appearance to gain the attention of wealthy men and use this as a means of climbing the socio-economic ladder and gaining material wealth. \u201cIt is something that occurs a lot in our country, and also occurs in contexts outside the culture of drug trafficking,\u201d said Dydime-Dome. \u201cI think that culture left something in our country.\u201d
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/04\/30652730_10160132518830621_6136101247582732288_o.jpg” _builder_version=”3.0.106″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”14px” text_line_height=”1.8em”]The story of 14-year-old Catalina is an extreme example of the influence of drug-trafficking culture on young women. (Photo | Marina Wang)
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]One of the most extreme expressions of this can be found in the popular 2005 novel Sin Tetas, No Hay Paraiso <\/em>(translation: Without tits, there is no paradise<\/em>) by Colombian journalist Gustavo Bolivar Moreno. The book is a fictionalized story based on someone the author is said to have met in real life.<\/p>\n

In the book, 14-year-old Catalina is envious of a classmate\u2019s affluent lifestyle, made possible by her drug-dealing boyfriend. Catalina prostitutes herself in order to raise enough money for breast implants and gains the attention of wealthy narco-traffickers. However, Catalina discovers she was given re-used implants that caused a severe medical complication requiring their removal. Without her breasts and the support of her criminal husband, Catalina\u2019s life quickly spirals out of control.<\/p>\n

\u201cCatalina never imagined that the happiness and prosperity of girls in her generation depended on the size of her brassiere,\u201d reads the book\u2019s tagline. Although Catalina\u2019s story is a work of fiction, many Colombian women have faced, or continue to face, similar circumstances.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.0.47″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.0.106″]\u201cYounger generations have converted to a very superficial culture,\u201d said Dydime-Dome. \u201cThe current generations have less subjectivity and less inner life. And that leads to an exteriorization of life and relationships.\u201d Unrealistic societal beauty standards have also contributed to the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder, a mental obsession with a perceived physical flaw.<\/p>\n

According to a report<\/a><\/span> from the Inter-American Development Bank, Colombia also has one of the highest rates of teen eating disorders, estimated at nearly 20 per cent of that demographic cohort. \u201cWe could establish a connection between eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia and a person\u2019s decision to undergo plastic surgery, as they share a root cause,\u201d said Dydime-Dome.<\/p>\n

Youth around 14 years of age are still developing a sense of self and are particularly vulnerable to outside social pressures, according to Dydime-Dome. \u201cThe dangerous thing is that a girl might get into the habit of continually seeking plastic surgery,\u201d he noted. For a wealthy girl in Medellin, instead of asking for a car for her quincanera<\/em> \u2014 the milestone 15th birthday \u2014 it\u2019s not uncommon to ask for a new nose or bigger breasts.
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”mannequins” _builder_version=”3.0.106″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”off” prev_text=”Introduction: %22The Nightmare%22″ next_text=”Part 2: %22A total fraud%22″ _builder_version=”3.0.106″ title_font=”||||||||” title_font_size=”20px”][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the city of Medellin, Colombia\u2019s second largest city of 2.5 million after Bogota, curvaceous women with cinched waists and voluptuous behinds stroll the palm-lined streets where people-watchers often play a game of \u201cfake-or-not?\u201d while sipping coffees. Medellin was once ravaged by Pablo Escobar\u2019s drug cartel, but it\u2019s now one of the most modern and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"project_category":[],"project_tag":[],"class_list":["post-80","project","type-project","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPart 1: Popularization - Scarred:<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Part 1: Popularization - Scarred:\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the city of Medellin, Colombia\u2019s second largest city of 2.5 million after Bogota, curvaceous women with cinched waists and voluptuous behinds stroll the palm-lined streets where people-watchers often play a game of \u201cfake-or-not?\u201d while sipping coffees. Medellin was once ravaged by Pablo Escobar\u2019s drug cartel, but it\u2019s now one of the most modern and […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Scarred:\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-24T20:58:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/part-1-popularization\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/part-1-popularization\\\/\",\"name\":\"Part 1: Popularization - Scarred:\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-10T03:59:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-24T20:58:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/part-1-popularization\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/part-1-popularization\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/part-1-popularization\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Projects\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/project\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Part 1: Popularization\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/\",\"name\":\"Scarred:\",\"description\":\"The Colombian Plastic Surgery Crisis\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cusjc.ca\\\/mrp\\\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Part 1: Popularization - Scarred:","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Part 1: Popularization - Scarred:","og_description":"In the city of Medellin, Colombia\u2019s second largest city of 2.5 million after Bogota, curvaceous women with cinched waists and voluptuous behinds stroll the palm-lined streets where people-watchers often play a game of \u201cfake-or-not?\u201d while sipping coffees. Medellin was once ravaged by Pablo Escobar\u2019s drug cartel, but it\u2019s now one of the most modern and […]","og_url":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/","og_site_name":"Scarred:","article_modified_time":"2018-04-24T20:58:30+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/","url":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/","name":"Part 1: Popularization - Scarred:","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-04-10T03:59:36+00:00","dateModified":"2018-04-24T20:58:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/part-1-popularization\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Projects","item":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/project\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Part 1: Popularization"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/","name":"Scarred:","description":"The Colombian Plastic Surgery Crisis","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/80\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/colombiacosmeticsurgery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}