Source List
Interviews Conducted:
Ed Coleman. CEO of Barkerville. Interviewed August 16, 2018.
Emmy-Lou Stoeter. Manager of 108 Mile Ranch and Stables. Interviewed August 13, 2018.
Aaron Sutherland. Vice President of the Insurance Bureau of Canada, Vancouver B.C. Interviewed March 15, 2019.
Maya Lange. Vice President of Global Marketing, Destination B.C. Vancouver B.C. Interviewed March 14, 2019.
Kirsten Learned, Communication desk at Destination B.C. Vancouver B.C. Interviewed March 14, 2019.
Joshua Chafe, Emergency Preparedness Coordinator. Cariboo-Chilcotin-Coast Tourism Association. Williams Lake, B.C. Interviewed August 15, 2018.
Amy Thacker, CEO of Cariboo-Chilcotin-Coast Tourism Association. Williams Lake, B.C. Interviewed January 17, 2019.
Email statement from Carla Wormald on behalf of the B.C. Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture. Interviewed March 5, 2019.
Dr. Peter Keller. Vice President, Academic. Simon Fraser University. Interviewed March 21, 2019.
Dr. Daniel Scott, Professor. Tourism Climatology. University of Waterloo. Interviewed February 28, 2019.
Email statement from Lisanne Ballantyne. President of Tourism Kelowna. April 25, 2019.
Tay Briggs and Ian Eakins, owners of Wells Gray Adventures. Clearwater, B.C. Interviewed August 10, 2018.
Merlin Blackwell. Mayor of District of Clearwater. Owner of Blackwell Parks Ltd. Clearwater B.C. Interviewed January 17, 2019.
Dave Merritt, B.C. Parks. Area Supervisor. Interviewed January 24, 2019.
Lyndsay van de Steeg, B.C. Parks forester. Interviewed December 20, 2018.
Gy Ovenden, Chair of Tourism Wells Gray. Interviewed December 21, 2018.
Stephanie Molina. Marketing Manager for Tourism Wells Gray. Interviewed December 14, 2018.
Leslie Groulx. Chief Administrative Officer for the District of Clearwater. Interviewed December 21, 2018.
Doug Trotter. Owner at Interior Whitewater Expeditions. Clearwater B.C. Interviewed August 10, 2018.
Bob Harris. Publisher at CMI Publishing. Calgary, AB. Interviewed March 25, 2019.
Richard Linzey. Director of the B.C. government’s Heritage Branch. Interviewed March 8, 2019.
Don Pearse. Manager at the Historic Hat Creek Ranch. Cache Creek, B.C. Interviewed August 21, 2018.
Ellen Walker-Matthews. Vice President of Destination and Industry Development. Thompson-Okanagan Tourism Association. Interviewed March 13, 2019.
Dudley Coulter. Professional Communications student at Royal Roads University. Interviewed March 21, 2019.
Walt Judas. President of the Tourism Industry Association of British Columbia. Interviewed March 20, 2019.
Julia Wheatley. Interpretive staff at Barkerville, B.C. Interviewed August 17, 2018.
Danette Boucher. Interpretive staff at Barkerville, B.C. Interviewed August 17, 2018.
Dave Brown. Interpretive staff at Barkerville, B.C. Interviewed August 17, 2018.
Government Links, Reports, and Information:
BC Wildfire Service Governance:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/about-bcws/governance
BC Wildfire Service Mandate and Strategy:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/about-bcws/governance/mandate-strategy
BC Wildfire Service Legislation and Regulations:
BC Wildfire Service Majory Historical Wildfires:
BC Wildfire Service Wildfire Season Summaries:
BC Wildfire Service Fire Centres:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/about-bcws/wildfire-response/fire-centres
BC Wildfire Service Wildfire Response:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/about-bcws/wildfire-response/response
Emergency Management B.C. website:
PECC and PREOC Deployment Support Annex. Province of British Columbia. PDF:
Prepared BC website:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/emergency-preparedness-response-recovery/preparedbc
Cariboo Regional District historical evacuation order map:
https://cariboo.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=be54051f346c4df59554eff93a89db07
Addressing the New Normal: 21st Century Disaster Management in British Columbia. Prepared for the B.C. government by George Abbott and Maureen Chapman. April 30, 2018. PDF:
Firestorm 2003. Provincial Review. Prepared for the B.C. government by Gary Filmon. February 15, 2004. PDF:
http://www.bcwildfire.ca/History/ReportsandReviews/2003/FirestormReport.pdf
Destination British Columbia’s Explore BC campaign website:
https://www.destinationbc.ca/what-we-do/marketing/consumer-marketing/explore-bc/
An Emergency Framework for Canada. Third Edition. May 2017. Government of Canada. PDF:
Emergency Management Strategy for Canada: Toward a Resilient 2030. 2019. PDF:
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgncy-mngmnt-strtgy/mrgncy-mngmnt-strtgy-en.pdf
Provincial tourism indicators for 2017. Destination BC. PDF:
Destination British Columbia Corporate Strategy. Prepared March 31, 2017.
https://www.destinationbc.ca/content/uploads/2019/02/DBC-Corporate-Strategy-2017_editFeb212019.pdf
Cariboo Regional District evacuation orders and alerts:
https://www.cariboord.ca/services/emergency-and-protective-services/EOC
Thompson-Nicola Regional District evacuation orders and alerts:
https://tnrd.ca/content/elephant-hill-fire-orders-and-alerts
Wells Gray Provincial Park Master Plan, 1986:
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/planning/mgmtplns/wellsgray/wells_gray_mp.pdf
BC Parks Mission and Mandate:
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/about/mandate.html
Provincial Heritage Properties. B.C. government website:
Unlocking the Potential of Canada’s Visitor Economy – Federal government report:
https://www.destinationcanada.com/sites/default/files/archive/804-Unlocking%20the%20Potential%20of%20Canadas%20Visitor%20Economy/Unlocking%20the%20Potential%20of%20Canadas%20Visitor%20Economy_WEB.pdf
Emergency Management in BC: Reference Manual – 2011:
Information Retrieved Through Freedom of Information Requests:
Wells Gray Adventures Modified Access Plan. Printed copy. FOI.
Emails sent by Tay Briggs to Jeff Leahy, B.C. Parks Regional Director. 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Emails sent between Jeff Leahy and the Clearwater B.C. municipality. 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by Tay Briggs to the B.C. Minister of Tourism. July, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by Tay Briggs to the B.C. Minister of Tourism. August, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by Tourism Wells Gray to B.C. the Minister of Tourism. October, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by the District of Clearwater to the Minister of Tourism. September, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by the District of Clearwater to the Minister of Environment. September, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Letter sent by B.C. Minister of Tourism to the District of Clearwater. November, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Media briefings and advice for the B.C. Minister of Tourism. June to December, 2017. Printed copy. FOI.
Provincial Legislation:
B.C. Tourism Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/document/ID/freeside/00_96453_01
B.C. Wildfire Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/04031_01
B.C. Emergency Program Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/00_96111_01
Destination B.C. Corp. Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/13006_01
B.C. Heritage Conservation Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96187_01
Tourism Industry Documents and Links:
About the Cariboo-Chilcotin-Coast Tourism Association:
http://media.landwithoutlimits.com/about-ccc/
Cariboo-Chilcotin-Coast Wildfire Economic Impact Report, 2017. PDF:
http://industry.landwithoutlimits.com/2017-cccta-wildfire-impacts-report/
Tourism Kelowna Emergency Communications Response Review. PDF emailed.
Economic Impact of the 2017 Wildfires in the Thompson Okanagan Tourism Association Region, August 20, 2018. PDF emailed.
Emergency Coordination and Reputation Management Sub-Committee – 16 recommendations. Powerpoint presentation. PDF emailed.
Experience the Mountain Parks. 2018 travel guide. CMI Publishing.
History of Hat Creek Ranch: https://www.historichatcreek.ca/about/
Hat Creek Ranch and 2017 and 2018 financial losses documents. Printed copy.
Barkerville Annual Financial Statement. Printed copy.
The Great Fire of Barkerville. Sept, 16, 1868. Frederic Dally. The Cariboo Sentinel: http://www.barkerville.com/vol10/bville_burns.html
Map of potential wildfire threat areas to Barkerville. Retrieved from Ed Coleman, CEO of Barkerville. Printed copy.
Destination Canada website:
https://www.destinationcanada.com/en
The Fifth International Conference on Climate, Tourism and Recreation CCTR 2018. PDF:
Draft Crisis Communications Strategy for the Thompson-Okanagan Tourism Association. Created by Dudley Coulter. PDF emailed. Not public.
Emergency Preparedness PowerPoint presentation. 2018. By Joshua Chafe. PDF.
Academic Articles:
Attribution of the Influence of Human-Induced Climate Change on an Extreme Fire Season. Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium. University of Victoria. Jan 8, 2019. PDF:
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2018EF001050
Disaster Management: Kelowna Tourism Industry’s Preparedness, Impact and Response to a 2003 Major Forest Fire. Dr. Peter Keller and Perry Hystand. University of Victoria. 2006:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1447677000000048
Towards a destination tourism disaster management framework: Long-term lessons from a forest fire disaster. Follow-up study, by Perry Hystad and Peter Keller. 2007:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517707000416
Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector. C.R. de Freitas. 2002:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z
Tourism climatology past and present: A review of the role of the ISB Commission on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. C.R. de Freitas. 2017:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28647761
Thirty years of assessing the impacts of climate change on outdoor recreation and tourism in Canada. Micah J. Hewer, and William Gough. 2018:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211973617300594
Canada’s Tourism Industry — Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change: A Lot of Concern but Little Action. By Rachel Dodds and Sonya Craci. 2009:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790530902847046?journalCode=rthp20
The Impacts of the 2017 Wildfires of Oregon’s Travel and Tourism Industry. By Ladan Ghahramani. July 2018:
http://industry.traveloregon.com/content/uploads/2018/07/TO-2017-Wildfires-Impact-Report-Final.pdf
Wildfires and tourist behaviors in Florida. Brijesh Thapa et al. University of Florida. 2013. PDF:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e312/c693605f98107caf2024ff03f6a17929a80c.pdf
Forest fires’ impact on tourism development: a comparative study of Greece and Cyprus. By Nikolaos Boukas. 2013. European University Cyprus:
https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/MEQ-09-2012-0058?fullSc=1&journalCode=meq&
A literature review on the economic, social and environmental impacts of severe bushfires in south-eastern Australia. Catherine Stephenson. RMIT University and Centre for Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre. PDF:
https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/21114/Report-87-A-Lit.Rvw-On-The-Economic,-Social-and-Envtal-Impacts-of-Severe-Bushfires-In-SE-Aust..pdf
News Clippings:
Wildfire smoke is so thick in Prince George, it looks like night after the sun has risen. Global News. Amy Judd. August 17, 2018:
https://globalnews.ca/news/4393740/prince-george-wildfire-smoke/
Blanketed by wildfire smoke, morning skies were an eerie orange in Prince George, B.C. CBC News. Clare Hennig. August 1, 2018:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/prince-george-dark-all-morning-1.4789432
Central B.C. ‘in for a bit of a ride’ as extreme conditions threaten to worsen already treacherous fire conditions. Globe and Mail. Ian Bailey. August 16, 2018.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/british-columbia/article-central-bc-in-for-a-bit-of-a-ride-as-extreme-conditions-threaten/
2018 now worst fire season on record as B.C. extends state of emergency. CBC. Bethany Lindsay. August 29, 2018.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/state-emergency-bc-wildfires-1.4803546
Global Forest Watch Fires website:
https://fires.globalforestwatch.org/map/
Wildfires around the world: The photos that explain the flames. BBC News. Jasmine Taylor-Coleman. July 25, 2018:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-44943143
Climate Change sets the world on fire. DW. Charli Shield and Ruby Russell. August 24, 2018.
https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-sets-the-world-on-fire/a-40152365
100 Mile House fire grows to 500 hectares, evacuation orders issued. CBC. Justin McElroy. July 6, 2017.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/100-mile-house-evacuation-order-1.4194109
Wildfire burning west of 100 Mile House B.C. grows to 3,200 hectares. Global News. Paula Baker and Jesse Ferreras. July 10, 2017.
https://globalnews.ca/news/3580562/aggressive-forest-fire-burning-west-of-100-mile-house-b-cgrown-to-225-hectares/
B.C. wildfire doubles in size, 3,600 residents ordered to evacuate. The Vancouver Sun. Stephanie Ip. Juy 7, 2017.
https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/large-forest-fire-burning-west-of-100-mile-house
Smoke-filled fire season: The Okanagan’s top news story. Global News. Doyle Potenteau. December 31, 2018.
https://globalnews.ca/news/4801733/fire-season-okanagan-valley-top-news-story-2018/
Wildfires prompt new B.C. protocols around flooding and wildfires. CBC. April 21, 2019.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/province-implement-new-protocols-around-mudslides-1.5101007
B.C. wildfire rips through Ashcroft mobile home park. InfoNews.ca. Kim Andserson. July 11, 2017.
https://infotel.ca/newsitem/in-photos-bc-wildfire-rips-through-ashcroft-mobile-home-park/it44207
Cruel welcome back for Ashcroft Indian Band reserve evacuees. CBC. Tina Lovegreen. July 14, 2017.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/cruel-welcome-back-for-ashcroft-indian-bandreserve-evacuees-1.4204412
Ashcroft-area wildfire leaves many homeless, evacuated, and under alert. Ashcroft-Cache Creek Journal. Barbara Roden.
https://www.ashcroftcachecreekjournal.com/news/ashcroft-area-wildfire-leaves-many-homelessevacuated-and-under-alert/
B.C. flooding news Friday: military rolls into Grand Forks. Global News. Amy Judd. May 18, 2018.
https://globalnews.ca/news/4218578/b-c-flooding-news-friday-military-arrives/
Canada’s new tourism minister to ‘defend interests’ at cabinet retreat. Business in Vancouver. Hayley Woodin. August 22, 2018.
https://biv.com/article/2018/08/canadas-tourism-minister-defend-interests-industry