{"id":105,"date":"2017-04-11T16:58:43","date_gmt":"2017-04-11T16:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/finding-home\/?post_type=project&#038;p=105"},"modified":"2023-01-16T14:14:18","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T14:14:18","slug":"boko-haram-women","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/finding-home\/project\/boko-haram-women\/","title":{"rendered":"Boko Haram and women"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;Boko Haram and women&#8221; header_fullscreen=&#8221;on&#8221; content_orientation=&#8221;bottom&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;none&#8221; title_font_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Fullwidth Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Lato|on|||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;80px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/finding-home\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/04\/BH-and-women.jpg&#8221; parallax=&#8221;on&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; background_url=&#8221;http:\/\/cusjc.ca\/mrp\/finding-home\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/04\/BH-and-women.jpg&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221;] [\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Jam\u0101\u2019atu Ahlis Sunnah L\u0101dda\u2019awatih wal-Jihad (\u2018People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet\u2019s Teachings and Jihad\u2019) is the official name of Boko Haram, which is loosely translated from the Hausa language as, \u201cWestern education is forbidden.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Its first leader, Mohammed Yusuf, was vocal in his criticism of what he saw as Nigeria\u2019s embrace of corrupt western influences. He also decried a perceived corruption of the country\u2019s political elite.<\/p>\n<p>His views appealed to some young people in his community who were just as dissatisfied with the status quo, and saw within his teachings, solutions to the problems that affected their society. And so, in 2002, a movement was formed. The group\u2019s main base was in Maiduguri, a city in northeastern Nigeria.<\/p>\n<p>Boko Haram\u2019s grand aim has been to create an Islamic state in northern Nigeria that would be governed based on its interpretation of the Holy Book. In its early days, Boko Haram clashed with government security forces as a result of its ideology and calls for reform. One such clash in July 2009 led to the deaths of 800 people \u2013 Boko Haram members and bystanders. A report by Amnesty International states that, \u201cMore than 30 police officers were also killed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The military arrested Yusuf in Maiduguri a day after that clash, on Jul. 30, 2009, and handed him over to the police. He was killed in police custody before the end of the day. The police claimed he had tried to escape. However, according to Amnesty International, photographs of Yusuf\u2019s body \u201csuggested that he had been handcuffed at the time of his death.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yusuf&#8217;s death was the turning point for Boko Haram. The group went underground and re-emerged in 2010 as the terrorist group we now know it to be. Abubakar Shekau, the second-in-command to Yusuf, led the group through this reign of terror.<\/p>\n<p>To avenge Yusuf\u2019s death, Boko Haram launched gun attacks on security officers and burned down police stations. They targeted people who spoke out against their ideology \u2013 including Muslim clerics. They burned down schools and churches.<\/p>\n<p>But this was only the beginning.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, Boko Haram escalated its carnage, killing many more civilians and targeting soft spots like markets and schools.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"boko_haram_terror\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Boko Haram terror in numbers\"><\/div>\n<p><script>!function(e,t,s,i){var n=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(\"script\"),d=o[0],r=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\/{2}\/.test(i)&&(i=r+i),window[n]&&window[n].initialized)window[n].process&&window[n].process();else if(!e.getElementById(s)){var a=e.createElement(\"script\");a.async=1,a.id=s,a.src=i,d.parentNode.insertBefore(a,d)}}(document,0,\"infogram-async\",\"\/\/e.infogr.am\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 0;font-family:Arial!important;font-size:13px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #dadada;margin:0 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infogr.am\/boko_haram_terror\" style=\"color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Boko Haram terror in numbers<\/a><!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013><a href=\"https:\/\/infogr.am\" style=\"color:#989898!important;text-decoration:none!important;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Boko Haram\u2019s activities spilled over the borders of Nigeria into neighbouring countries like Chad, Niger and the northern part of Cameroon.<\/p>\n<p>Then president Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in 2013, in the northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Boko Haram abductions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the beginning, Boko Haram largely spared women. While the terrorists attacked and killed men and boys, especially those who refused to join them, they would let women go after preaching to them about the Boko Haram ideology.<\/p>\n<p>There are conflicting reports as to when Boko Haram started to abduct women but experts say it was sometime in 2011 or 2012.<\/p>\n<p>One of most cited causes of these abductions was because the fighters needed women to do the domestic work in their camps, and women they use as sex slaves.<\/p>\n<p>Boko Haram members would raid a village, take the girls and young women they liked, and then dump some money with the parents as dowry.<\/p>\n<p>Another possible reason for these abductions was retaliatory. In at least one instance, when they couldn\u2019t find the Boko Haram members who had been accused of crimes, military and security forces arrested select wives and children of the terrorists instead.<\/p>\n<p>After these arrests, Shekau threatened to take women hostage and to abuse them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe idea was that, \u2018you\u2019re keeping and taking our wives. We know what happens to them in detention so we\u2019ll do the same to your women,\u2019\u201d said Chitra Nagarajan, a humanitarian expert who works on human rights, peace and security in northeastern Nigeria.<\/p>\n<p>Very few people were paying attention when the abductions began. In those early days, it received little news coverage.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt wasn\u2019t a priority,\u201d said Alkasim Abdulkadir, an expert in issues relating to Boko Haram. \u201cWe were dealing with people dying everyday, with people whose limbs were chopped off, with near starvation. Women being abducted would be very hard to make the headlines, because our journalism is not very robust. It was there but it was on the fringes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Nagarajan, the abductions didn\u2019t receive the needed attention because women and girls were not considered important enough. Not from the right social class.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese were women and girls from families that nobody cared about,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Treatment of women after abduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Boko Haram has a decentralized organizational structure and so there are no set ways all camps are run. As a result, abducted women and girls were treated differently depending on where they were taken. However, there were some common themes.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9fvF9sM8J9M?rel=0&#038;controls=0&#038;showinfo=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato|on|||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<strong>Human Rights Watch researcher Mausi Segun has interviewed more than 100 returnees.<\/strong><br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Boko Haram continues to abduct women and girls. Near the end of March 2017, the group kidnapped 10 people \u2013 four of whom were women \u2013 from a community in Borno state.<\/p>\n<p>Recent abductions may be carried out for newer ominous reasons. Boko Haram is now coercing women and girls to carry out deadly operations because security officers are less likely to suspect them of carrying out terrorist acts. The group is also using women and girls as bait for more abductions. It is even forcing them on suicide bombing missions. Boko Haram has used girls as young as seven years old for its most fatal missions.<\/p>\n<p>In the space of a year and a half, Boko Haram used 90 women for suicide bombing missions, according to a 2016 report by Georgia University\u2019s professor of communication Mia Bloom and research analyst Hilary Matfess.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The forced conscription and deployment of young women and girls is a differentiating feature of Boko Haram among other terrorist organizations, many of which have benefited from willing female participation,\u201d according to the same report by Bloom and Matfess.<\/p>\n<p>There are women who join Boko Haram voluntarily. However, most of the women and girls in Boko Haram camps have been taken against their will and are forced to participate in the group\u2019s murderous agenda.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato||||&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Click on an image below to read the story<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_portfolio show_date=&#8221;off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Fullwidth Portfolio&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;] [\/et_pb_fullwidth_portfolio][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jam\u0101\u2019atu Ahlis Sunnah L\u0101dda\u2019awatih wal-Jihad (\u2018People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet\u2019s Teachings and Jihad\u2019) is the official name of Boko Haram, which is loosely translated from the Hausa language as, \u201cWestern education is forbidden.\u201d Its first leader, Mohammed Yusuf, was vocal in his criticism of what he saw as Nigeria\u2019s embrace of corrupt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"project_category":[2],"project_tag":[],"class_list":["post-105","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project_category-analysis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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