Source List
Interviews conducted:
Suzanne Kearns. Associate professor of geography and aviation. University of Waterloo — Interviewed February 2, 2021.
Katharine Coons. National workplace mental health specialist, Canadian Mental Health Association — Interviewed February 4, 2021.
Noah Rawlinson, Chris Brukner, and Matt Mawdsley. Aviation students, pilots and app developers — Interviewed February 2, 2021.
Paul Reuter. Pilot and Chairman. European Pilot Peer Support Initiative — Interviewed February 11, 2021.
Brittany Varga. Pilot — Interviewed February 15, 2021.
Murray Munro. Pilot and Former chairman. ALPA’s Pilot Assistance Program — Interviewed February 16, 2021.
Cristian Ionut Panait. Medical Expert. European Union Aviation Safety Agency in the Aircrew and Medical Department — Interviewed on February 19, 2021.
Brendan Adams. Civil Aviation Medical Examiner — Interviewed on March 11, 2021.
Ian Gracie. Pilot and Chair. WestJet Master Executive Council Pilot Recovery Program and Aircrew Recovery Canada — Interviewed March 19, 2021.
Luke Matchett. Pilot — Interviewed March 24, 2021.
Tom. Pilot — Interviewed March 30, 2021.
Shavonne Perreault. Pilot — Interviewed April 1, 2021.
Ashley Stratton. Pilot — Interviewed April 2, 2021.
Nick Fullerton. Pilot — Interviewed April 13, 2021.
Frédrérica Dupuis. Senior advisor, communications — Transport Canada — Emailed statement on April 14, 2021.
Transport Canada Documents, Links and Information:
COVID-19 Guidance for the Canadian Aviation Industry. https://tc.canada.ca/en/initiatives/covid-19-measures-updates-guidance-issued-transport-canada/covid-19-guidance-canadian-aviation-industry#toc5
Aviation Investigation Report A15P0081. https://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2015/a15p0081/a15p0081.html
Aviation Safety Letter Issue 1/2016. https://tc.canada.ca/sites/default/files/migrated/asl_1_2016e.pdf
Aviation Safety Letter Issue 4/2017. https://tc.canada.ca/sites/default/files/migrated/asl_4_2017e.pdf
Handbook for Civil Aviation Medical Examiners – TP 13312. https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/publications/handbook-civil-aviation-medical-examiners-tp-13312
Crew Resource Management (CRM). Advisory Circular (AC) No. 700-042. https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/reference-centre/advisory-circulars/advisory-circular-ac-no-700-042#6.1
Air transportation safety recommendation A17-02. https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/recommandations-recommendations/aviation/2017/rec-a1702.html
Standard 421 – Flight Crew Permits, Licences and Ratings – Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARS). https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-421-flight-crew-permits-licences-ratings-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars#421_30
European Union Documents, Links and Information:
Final Report (On Flight 9525). https://www.bea.aero/uploads/tx_elyextendttnews/BEA2015-0125.en-LR_08.pdf
Follow-up of Germanwings Flight 9525 accident — Survey on “2-person-in-the-cockpit” recommendation. https://www.easa.europa.eu/newsroom-and-events/news/follow-germanwings-flight-9525-accident-survey-2-person-cockpit
European Pilot Peer Support Initiative (EPPSI) Key Elements for Peer Support Programmes (PSP). Version 1. January 2017. http://eppsi.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/EPPSI_KeyElements_for_Peer_Support_Programmes_Jan_2017_Final1.pdf
EASA strengthens medical requirements for pilots. August 15, 2016. https://www.easa.europa.eu/newsroom-and-events/news/easa-strengthens-medical-requirements-pilots
Centre for Aviation Psychology page. https://www.centreforaviationpsychology.com/
COVID-19 crisis and its effect on aviation mental health. April 8, 2020. https://www.eurocockpit.be/news/covid-19-crisis-and-its-effect-aviation-mental-health
European Union Legislation:
Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1042. July 23, 2018. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R1042&from=EN
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/745. June 4, 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R0745
Academic Reports:
Airplane pilot mental health and suicidal thoughts: a cross-sectional descriptive study via anonymous web-based survey. Alexander C. Wu et. al. Harvard T.H. Chan Schoolof Public Health. December 15, 2016. https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0200-6
Extramural Spotlight: Airline Pilot Mental Health. Alexander C. Wu. May 23, 2019. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2019/05/23/pilot-mental-health/
Mental Health in Commercial Aviation – Depression & Anxiety of Pilots. Maurice DeHoff and Stephen Cusick. 2018. https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1287&context=ijaaa
Aviation Links:
ALPA Pilot Assitance Awareness page. https://www.alpa.org/ala/pilot-assistance
Canada Pilot Assistance Training page. https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/meetings-training/trainings-details/courses/canada-cpat
Fit to Fly Workshop. https://www.smartpilot.ca/fit-to-fly
What We Do, Air Line Pilots Association. https://www.alpa.org/about-alpa/what-we-do
Pilot Support Programme. Skybrary. https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Pilot_Support_Programme
Strengthening mental health in Civil Aviation. Dr Ansa Jordaan. https://www.icao.int/safety/aviation-medicine/AvMedSARS/Strenghtening%20mental%20health%20in%20Civil%20Aviation_%20Ansa%20Jordaan.pdf
News Clippings:
Pilots let’s talk: Aircraft worker opens up about battle with depression. CBC News. Ashley Burke. June 8, 2017. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/pilots-mental-health-support-1.4150259
Fit to fly? Skies Magazine. Mario Pierobon. March 3, 2017. https://skiesmag.com/features/fit-fly-airlines-safety-regulators-increased-scrutiny-pilots-mental-health/
Mental health screening for pilots ‘crack in the armour’ of Canadian airline safety. CBC News. Ashley Burke. April 22, 2016. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/aviation-canada-pilots-mental-health-1.3543877
Pilots fear revealing mental illness, expected to ‘tough it out’: expert. Global News. Carmen Chai. March 27, 2015.https://globalnews.ca/news/1907959/pilots-fear-revealing-mental-illness-expected-to-tough-it-out-expert/
Pilots are keeping mental illness a secret to keep their wings. New York Post. Yaron Steinbuch. December 15, 2016. https://nypost.com/2016/12/15/pilots-are-keeping-mental-illness-a-secret-to-keep-their-wings/
How are pilots psychologically screened? BBC News. Tom de Castella. March 27, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32075809
Fatal Descent of Germanwings Plane Was ‘Deliberate,’ French Authorities Say. New York Times. Dan Bilefsky and Nicola Clark. March 26, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/27/world/europe/germanwings-crash.html
Grieving Father of Germanwings Co-Pilot Tries to Clear Son’s Name. New York Times. Melissa Eddy. March 24, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/world/europe/germanwings-crash-father-defends-andrea-lubitz.html
Canadian pilots subject to specific health rules, including disclosure of illnesses. Montreal Gazette. Monique Scotti. April 1, 2015. https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/canadian-pilots-subject-to-specific-health-rules-including-disclosure-of-illnesses